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VOL. 2, ISSUE 1 (2026)
An integrative developmental & theoretical foundations of the juvenile delinquency risk and protective factors checklist-Version 2 (JDRPFC-2): A revisit
Authors
Kok Hwee Chia
Abstract
This short paper revisits the Juvenile Delinquency Risk and Protective
Factors Checklist-Version 2.0 (JDRPFC-2), an enhanced iteration of the
prototype first developed in 2012. It advances a theory-driven framework for
identifying and organizing risk and protective factors associated with juvenile
delinquency. Although the theoretical architecture of the checklist has not
previously been formally articulated in the literature, its structure is firmly
grounded in established criminological, developmental, and neuropsychological
theories that account for variation in delinquent outcomes across individual,
familial, peer, school, and community domains. Informed by ecosystemic and
developmental perspectives, the JDRPFC-2 integrates principles from social
development, social control, and social learning theories, highlighting the
influence of social bonds, behavioral modeling, and reinforcement processes on
youth behavior. The framework of JDRPFC-2 further incorporates strain and
social disorganization theories to address the role of socio-structural
stressors and neighborhood conditions, alongside neurodevelopmental models
(e.g., the dual systems perspective) that explain heightened adolescent
vulnerability to risk-taking. Finally, resilience and diathesis-stress
frameworks guide the conceptualization of protective factors as active,
buffering assets rather than merely the absence of risk or adversity.
Collectively, these integrated theoretical foundations position the JDRPFC-2 as
a comprehensive and developmentally sensitive tool for understanding juvenile
delinquency, supporting systematic screening, and informing targeted
intervention planning.
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Pages:20-24
How to cite this article:
Kok Hwee Chia "An integrative developmental & theoretical foundations of the juvenile delinquency risk and protective factors checklist-Version 2 (JDRPFC-2): A revisit". World Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Vol 2, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 20-24
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