The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a transformative reform introduced to modernize and strengthen the Indian education system, particularly school education. The policy aims to make education holistic, flexible, inclusive, learner-centered, and skill-oriented in order to meet the needs of the twenty-first century. NEP 2020 replaces the traditional 10+2 structure with a new 5+3+3+4 curricular framework that aligns with the developmental stages of children and integrates Early Childhood Care and Education into formal schooling. The policy emphasizes foundational literacy and numeracy, experiential learning, multilingual education, vocational training, competency-based assessment, and technology integration. It also promotes critical thinking, creativity, and conceptual understanding instead of rote memorization. The study highlights the impact of NEP 2020 on curriculum reforms, teaching-learning processes, assessment practices, and student development. It further explores the opportunities and challenges related to policy implementation, including teacher preparedness, infrastructure, digital divide, and financial constraints. Overall, NEP 2020 has the potential to significantly improve the quality and inclusivity of school education in India.