Science fiction represents a unique synthesis of imagination and scientific thought, creating a literary space where scientific possibilities are explored through fictional narratives. This paper examines the development, characteristics, objectives, and significance of science fiction, with particular emphasis on its evolution in Bengali literature. It briefly traces the history of science fiction from its emergence as a distinct literary genre in the West to its development in Bengali literary culture. The paper discusses the contributions of significant Bengali writers, including Jagadish Chandra Bose, Jagadananda Ray, Premendra Mitra, Satyajit Ray, Sunil Gangopadhyay, Humayun Ahmed and other notable authors. Their works demonstrate how scientific ideas, imagination, fantasy, humour and human concerns can be brought together within a literary framework. Particular attention is given to the Professor Shonku stories of Satyajit Ray and other representative works of Bengali science fiction. The paper also highlights the educational significance of science fiction, especially for adolescents, arguing that its imaginative appeal can encourage reading habits, scientific curiosity, creativity, research-oriented thinking and an inventive mindset. Thus, Bengali science fiction can be viewed not merely as a form of entertainment but as an important literary medium capable of fostering both literary sensibility and scientific awareness among young readers.